• To study the structure and functions of plant cells • To study the structure and distribution of stomata • To determine the stomatal index by Quick fix method • To study Osmosis • To study imbibition in plants • To demonstrate the process of plasmolysis using onion cells • To determine osmotic potential of plant cell sap by plasmolytic method • To measure root pressure • To determine water potential through Chardakov's test • To determine water potential using pressure bomb, osmometer, and psychrometer • To detect wax and cut in deposits in plant leaves • To study the rate of transpiration • To measure transpiration rate in plants using Porometry • To measure CCATD (Continuous Closed Aperture Transpiration Dynamics) and its relevance • To demonstrate and study the use of anti-transpirants to reduce transpiration • To study the preparation of different solutions • To study the rate of photosynthesis • To study the effect of monochromatic light on the rate of photosynthesis • To study the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis • To separate and study plant photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatography • To separate photosynthetic pigments by the solvent wash method • To measure photosynthetic CO2 assimilation by Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA) • To study the anatomical identification of C3 and C4 plants • To determine Chlorophyll content of a given leaf sample and estimate the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll • To measure light interception, light extinction coefficient, and energy utilization efficiency • To study respiration • To study the rate of respiration in germinating seeds having carbohydrates, fats, and proteins • To explore the properties of water and their significance in crop physiology • To observe and compare surface tension of water and other solvents and their implications in plant physiology • To measure the relative water content of leaves • To study the effect of water stress on plant growth and development • To measure plant water status: Relative water content and rate of water loss • To study the method of plant sampling for leaf area and biomass estimation • To study bioassays for different growth hormones • To study the extraction of auxins from plant tissue • To study the extraction of ABA (Abscisic Acid) from plant tissues • To study the extraction of gibberellin from plant tissues • To study the extraction of cytokinin from plant tissues • To study the influence of potassium and ABA on stomatal opening and closing • To study the effect of ethylene, its inhibitor, and scrubber on ripening (tomato) • To measure physiological parameters of fruit ripening and to study the key genes that regulate ripening • To estimate the reduction of sugar and starch • To study the estimation of NO3, and free amino acids in xylem exudates • To study shoot apical meristem, floral meristem development, and pollen tube development • To study the effect of day length in regulating floral induction/flowering time in plants • To study the effect of light on seed germination in light-sensitive and insensitive seeds • To study the effect of temperature on thermomorphogenesis- measuring hypocotyl elongation under different temperature conditions • To study the effect of temperature on sex determination using cucurbits/ sesame plants • An experiment to show phototropism • An experiment to show geotropism • An experiment to show hydrotropism • To diagnose nutrient deficiencies of mineral nutrients through Rapid Tissue Test • To study the inoculate explant (seed and leaf tissue) of model plant for callus induction • To subculture the callus and standardize regeneration protocol for shoot and root induction using callus and leaf explants • Micropropagation of plants using meristem tip and axillary node culture • To study growth analysis • To study selectable markers, reporter genes, PCRs, southern, and northern blotting echniques • Measurement of Radiant Energy and its Effect on Crop Physiology • Measurement of O2 Evolution during Photosynthesis • Isolation of Protoplasts from Arabidopsis/Tobacco and its Culturing • Drought Stress Imposition and Measurement of Physiological and   Biochemical Changes in Plants • Determination of Water Use Efficiency (WUE) as a Drought-Resistant Trait in Crop Physiology • To Study the Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI) • Determination of Salinity Tolerance Index • To determine the concentration of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in plant tissues subjected to salt stress using flame photometry • Estimation of chlorophyll concentration in leaves of Nitrogen deficient and sufficient plants • To estimate the nitrogen concentration in plant tissues using the Kjeldahl method • Estimation of Phosphorus Concentration in Plant Tissues by Colorimetric Method • Estimation of Potassium, Magnesium, and Sodium Concentrations in Plant Tissues using Flame Photometer • Assay of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity for Copper, Zinc, and Manganese • Estimation of Micronutrients in Plant Tissues using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer.